主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.04.001

• 葫芦岛“8·20”特大暴雨专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

葫芦岛“8·20”特大暴雨过程成因及地形作用探究

刘成瀚1,2,3,4, 焦浩然1, 张爱忠5, 阎琦1,3, 刘硕1,3, 杜傢义1,3, 孙艺搏1,3   

  1. 1. 辽宁省气象台, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
    2. 中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室, 北京 100081;
    3. 东北冷涡研究开放重点实验室, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
    4. 盘锦国家气候观象台, 辽宁盘锦 124000;
    5. 民航东北地区空中交通管理局气象中心, 辽宁沈阳 110169
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-17 修回日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2026-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 阎琦,女,正高级工程师,E-mail:yq.mete@163.com。 E-mail:yq.mete@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘成瀚,男,1990年生,工程师,主要从事短期天气预报分析研究,E-mail:liuch_cuit@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局水文气象重点开放实验室开放研究课题(24SWQXZ019)、辽宁省科技计划联合计划(2024-MSLH-243)、中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-027)、辽宁省气象局科研项目(202302)、中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金课题(2024SYIAEKFZD03)和中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2025J021)共同资助。

Causes of the “8·20” extraordinary rainstorm in Huludao and exploration of topographic effects

LIU Chenghan1,2,3,4, JIAO Haoran1, ZHANG Aizhong5, YAN Qi1,3, LIU Shuo1,3, DU Jiayi1,3, SUN Yibo1,3   

  1. 1. Liaoning Meteorological Observatory, Shenyang 110166, China;
    2. China Meteorological Administration Hydro-Meteorology Key Laboratory, Beijing 100081, China;
    3. Key Opening Laboratory for Northeast China Cold Vortex Research, Shenyang 110166, China;
    4. Panjin National Climate Observatory, Panjin 124000, China;
    5. Meteorological Center of Northeast China Air Traffic Management Bureau, CAAC, Shenyang 110169, China
  • Received:2025-01-17 Revised:2025-04-08 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2026-01-10

摘要: 利用葫芦岛市144个加密自动站降水观测数据和ERA5再分析数据等资料,分析了2024年8月19—20日辽宁葫芦岛市特大暴雨成因及地形作用。结果表明:东北冷涡与副热带高压形成“东高西低”的环流背景,副热带高压西侧偏南气流向辽宁输送充足的水汽,冷涡携带的冷空气与副热带高压西侧的暖湿空气在辽宁西部地区交汇,利于锋生。地形与锋面的相互作用影响了降水强度,一方面锋区西部和北部受地形阻挡,地形抬升作用增强了山区局地上升运动;另一方面,上升运动又通过作用于锋生函数中的倾斜项,进一步促进锋生过程的发展,地形强迫环流与锋面倾斜项的相互作用是强降水的动力机制之一。强降水阶段,降水大值区主要位于山地“喇叭口”地形区域,偏东或东南气流翻越山地时与东北向爬流形成水平辐合,上升运动显著增强,直接触发中尺度对流系统。强降水区的偏南向爬流,通过先分流再汇合的机制形成局地辐合中心,进一步为强降水提供了动力条件,是强降水持续时间长的原因之一。

关键词: 地形, 爬流, 锋生, 倾斜项, 降水

Abstract: This study investigates the causes of the extreme rainstorm in Huludao,Liaoning Province during 19-20 August 2024 and the role of terrain,utilizing dense precipitation observations and ERA5 reanalysis data.Results show that the "east-high-west-low" circulation pattern formed by the Northeast Cold Vortex and the western Pacific subtropical high facilitated moisture transport via southerly flows along the subtropical high's western flank.The convergence between cold air from the vortex and warm-moist air from the subtropical high promoted Frontogenesis over western Liaoning.Terrain-front interactions intensified precipitation,as terrain-blocked flows in the western/northern frontal zone enhanced vertical motion.This uplift further amplified Frontogenesis through its effect on Tilted Items in the frontogenetic function,constituting a key dynamic mechanism.During peak rainfall,maximum precipitation occurred in a horn-shaped mountainous area where east/southeast flow over terrain converged with northeastward ascending flows,triggering mesoscale convective systems.The southward flow over slopes generated localized convergence through flow separation-reunion mechanisms,providing additional dynamic forcing.Prolonged frontal zone stagnation caused by orographically-induced ascent contributed to the event's exceptional duration.

Key words: Terrain, Flow over, Frontogenesis, Tilted items, Precipitation

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