一次准静止组织形态对流系统引起的暴雨过程分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.03.009

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 68-75.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.03.009

• 论文 • 上一篇

一次准静止组织形态对流系统引起的暴雨过程分析

孙鑫¹, 刘泓君², 王国梁¹

1. 内蒙古自治区气象台, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010051;
2. 北京城市气象研究院, 北京 100089

收稿日期:2025-04-17 修回日期:2025-06-12 发布日期:2025-09-29
作者简介:孙鑫,男,1981年生,高级工程师,主要从事数值天气预报及其解释应用研究,E-mail:641680001@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42030604)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金青年项目(IUMKY202411)共同资助。

A case study on the heavy precipitation caused by a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system

SUN Xin¹, LIU Hongjun², WANG Guoliang¹

1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Station, Hohhot 010051, China;
2. Beijing Urban Meteorological Institute, Beijing 100089, China

Received:2025-04-17 Revised:2025-06-12 Published:2025-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2022年8月13日内蒙古自治区雷达数据、地面气象加密观测站数据、探空数据和ERA5再分析数据,分析了一次河套地区准静止组织形态中尺度对流系统引起的暴雨天气过程。结果表明:副热带高压西伸脊在河套地区南部形成了稳定偏南气流,低层水汽沿偏南和偏东南水汽通道输送到河套地区,形成了稳定的水汽供应流场。阴山山脉的阻挡作用使偏南气流输送的水汽在山脉南麓积聚,产生较高的对流有效位能,有利于强对流的发生发展。偏东气流受山脉影响形成偏东北气流,与偏南气流辐合,为前期对流的触发提供了抬升条件。对流发生后其产生的冷池向北扩散受到了山脉阻挡,在一定程度上增强了冷池强度,抬升作用加强,产生后续的对流。由于偏南气流稳定的水汽输送,在山脉南麓辐合产生的对流向东北移动后,暖湿气流能够继续受先前对流产生的冷池抬升不断触发新的对流,从而形成准静止组织形态的中尺度对流系统,产生暴雨。

关键词: 中尺度对流系统, 组织形态, 后部增生, 强降水, 山地

Abstract: A heavy precipitation process in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia on 13 August 2022 was studied using radar,surface observations,sounding data and ERA5 reanalysis data in this paper.The results indicate that the precipitation was mainly caused by a quasi-static mesoscale convective system,which was characterized by the continuous formation of east-west linear convections in the south of the Yin Mountain and the movement to the northeast,resulting in long-lasting heavy precipitation in the Hetao area.The subtropical high extended westward to inland,forming a persistent southerly airflow in the southern Hetao area.This low-level water vapor could be continuously transported from the south or southeast channels to the Hetao area,forming a stable water vapor supply.The blocking effect of the Yin Mountains caused the water vapor to accumulate on the southern slopes of the mountain,leading to high convective available potential energy,which was conducive to the initiation and development of deep convection.Deflected by the trend of the Yin mountain,the easterly airflow turned to a northeasterly airflow.The convergence line formed by the northeasterly airflow and the southerly airflow provided uplifting for the initial convection.After the convection triggered,the northward diffusion of the cold pool was constrained by the mountains,which strengthened the cold pool and enhanced the cold pool to lift the southerly airflow with moisture,resulting in subsequent convections.Due to the stable water vapor transport of the southerly airflow,after the convection generated by the convergence in the southern mountain moving to the northeast,the warm and humid airflow could continue to be lifted by the cold pool,which is generated by the previous convection and trigger new convections,thereby generating the quasi-stationary organized mesoscale convective system and ultimately resulting in heavy rainfall.

Key words: Mesoscale convective system, Organizational mode, Back-building, Heavy precipitation, Mountain

中图分类号:

P458.1⁺21.1

孙鑫, 刘泓君, 王国梁. 一次准静止组织形态对流系统引起的暴雨过程分析[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2025, 41(3): 68-75.

SUN Xin, LIU Hongjun, WANG Guoliang. A case study on the heavy precipitation caused by a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2025, 41(3): 68-75.

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一次准静止组织形态对流系统引起的暴雨过程分析

A case study on the heavy precipitation caused by a quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system

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