主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 28-38.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.04.004

• 论文 • 上一篇    

2017—2021年冷涡背景下辽宁短时强降水时空分布及环境参数特征

曹世腾1, 杨磊1, 孙丽2,3, 卢娟4, 陈宇1, 杨雪1, 蒋超1, 冷雨轩5   

  1. 1. 辽宁省气象灾害监测预警中心, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
    2. 中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室, 北京 100081;
    3. 辽宁省人工影响天气办公室, 辽宁沈阳 110166;
    4. 沈阳市气象局, 辽宁沈阳 110180;
    5. 沈阳农业大学, 辽宁沈阳 110866
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 修回日期:2024-04-18 发布日期:2026-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 孙丽,女,1987年生,正高级工程师,E-mail:sunli_2006_abc@126.com。 E-mail:sunli_2006_abc@126.com
  • 作者简介:曹世腾,男,1990年生,工程师,主要从事短临预报预警研究,E-mail:957858010@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J059,CXFZ2023J013,CXFZ2024J021)、中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金课题(2024SYIAEKFZD02、2025SYIAEKFMS11)、中国气象局云降水物理与人工影响天气重点开放实验室创新基金项目(2023CPML-B04)、北京市自然科学基金资助(8242043)、辽宁省气象局人才计划项目(RC202501)和中国气象局青年创新团队(CMA20240N05)项目共同资助。

The spatiotemporal distribution and environmental parameter characteristics of short-duration heavy rain in Liaoning under the background of Cold Vortex from 2017 to 2021

CAO Shiteng1, YANG Lei1, SUN Li2,3, LU Juan4, CHEN Yu1, YANG Xue1, JIANG Chao1, LENG Yuxuan5   

  1. 1. Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Centre, Shenyang 110166, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Cloud Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), Beijing 100081, China;
    3. Weather Modification Office of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, China;
    4. Shenyang Meteorological Service, Shenyang 110180, China;
    5. Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
  • Received:2023-05-31 Revised:2024-04-18 Published:2026-01-10

摘要: 利用2017—2021年辽宁省自动气象站小时降水和ERA5再分析资料,筛选冷涡背景下小时降水量不低于20 mm的短时强降水样本,根据短时强降水站点和500 hPa冷涡位势高度中心的位置,将辽宁冷涡短时强降水划分为不同象限,对比了冷涡不同象限内短时强降水的观测特征和形成条件。结果表明:辽宁冷涡短时强降水发生时冷涡中心最多出现在110°~124°E、48°~58°N。冷涡短时强降水占所有短时强降水的35.7%,处于冷涡不同象限短时强降水占比从大到小依次为东南、西南、东北和西北象限。小时降水量大、影响范围大的短时强降水主要集中在冷涡的东南和西南象限。辽宁中北部为短时强降水高发区,其中东南象限短时强降水占主导的站点覆盖辽河流域和沿海区域,西南象限的短时强降水则集中分布在辽宁北部。两种象限短时强降水环境条件的相同点是温湿廓线更加接近、各高度层的对流有效位能为连续正值和有利于形成风垂直切变的风场特征,不同之处在于东南象限短时强降水常发生在更暖湿的环境中,并具有更强的垂直风切变,更有利于出现强度更强、范围更大的短时强降水。西南象限短时强降水则发生在水汽偏干、强静力不稳定和近地面相对湿度更低的环境中,因此更有利于同时出现多种强对流天气。

关键词: 冷涡, 短时强降水, 强对流物理量

Abstract: Based on hourly precipitation data from automatic weather stations in Liaoning Province and ERA5 reanalysis data from 2017 to 2021,the short-duration heavy rain (CV_SDHR) with hourly rainfall no less than 20 mm under the background of the Cold Vortex (CV) was selected and divided into different quadrants based on the relative position of the automatic weather stations and the 500 hPa potential height center of the CV.The highest occurrence frequency of CV centers lies between the eastern Inner Mongolia (110°~124°E) and the northern Heilongjiang(48°N),up to 58°N when CV_SDHR occurs.The spatiotemporal distribution and environmental parameter characteristics of SDHR in different quadrants were compared.The results show that CV_SDHR accounts for 35.7% of the total SDHR.The proportion of CV_SDHR in different quadrants decreases in the following order:southeast (SE_SDHR),southwest (SW_SDHR),northeast,and northwest quadrants.CV_SDHR with large hourly rainfall and wide impact range is mainly concentrated in the southeast and southwest quadrants of CV.The central and northern parts of Liaoning is a high-risk area for CV_SDHR.The stations dominated by SE_SDHR cover the Liaohe River Basin and coastal areas,while the stations dominated by SW_SDHR are concentrated in northern part of Liaoning.CV_SDHR exhibits monthly and daily variation characteristics with unimodal distribution.It mainly appears in the afternoon to evening from July to August,but with variations in different quadrants regarding the peak proportion,occurrence time,and duration.The similarity of CV_SDHR in different quadrants is that the temperature and humidity profiles are closer,the CAPE is narrower,and the wind field is conducive to the formation of vertical wind shear.The difference is that SE_SDHR often occurs in warmer and wetter environments,and has stronger and vertical wind shear,which is more conducive to the occurrence of stronger and larger range of CV_SDHR.The SW_SDHR appears in environments with dry water vapor,strong static instability,and lower relative humidity near the ground,making it more conducive to the simultaneous occurrence of multiple severe convective weathers.

Key words: Cold Vortex, Short-duration heavy rain, Strong convective parameters

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