主办单位:中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所
国际刊号:ISSN 1673-503X
国内刊号:CN 21-1531/P

气象与环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 74-80.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2025.02.009

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2022年1月21—24日北京市一次气溶胶污染过程城区站与郊区站污染特征对比分析

贾小芳, 李杨, 孙晓晴, 步志超, 荆俊山, 郭伟, 胡树贞   

  1. 中国气象局气象探测中心, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19 修回日期:2024-02-23 出版日期:2025-04-28 发布日期:2025-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 李杨,女,正高级工程师,E-mail:liyang@cma.gov.cn。 E-mail:liyang@cma.gov.cn
  • 作者简介:贾小芳,女,1986年生,高级工程师,主要从事大气环境研究,E-mail:jiaxf@cma.gov.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42175189)资助。

Comparative analysis of pollution characteristics between urban and suburban stations during an aerosol pollution episode in Beijing from January 21 to 24,2022

JIA Xiaofang, LI Yang, SUN Xiaoqing, BU Zhichao, JING Junshan, GUO Wei, HU Shuzhen   

  1. Meteorological Observation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2023-12-19 Revised:2024-02-23 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2025-06-20

摘要: 对比分析2022年1月21—24日北京市一次气溶胶污染过程的城区站与郊区站PM2.5质量浓度和地面气象条件变化特征,结合垂直消光系数、探空气象数据及后向轨迹探讨此次污染过程成因。结果表明:北京市城区站(南郊站)污染期间的PM2.5质量浓度为118.5 μg·m-3,浓度水平和持续时间明显高于郊区站(上甸子站)。城区站上空存在气溶胶输送,气溶胶消光系数高值区向地面沉降直至近地面,地面气溶胶浓度增大。此次污染过程开始时的风向为偏南风,北京南部地区的气溶胶污染物输送至南郊站,由近地面风速减小、相对湿度增大、逆温层出现并下移等气象条件共同作用,污染程度加剧。污染过程中,城区站风速明显小于郊区站,扩散条件较差。在排放源相对稳定情况下,污染过程持续期间的气象条件变化对污染天气变化有较好的指示作用。

关键词: 消光系数, 探空气象要素, 后向轨迹, 逆温

Abstract: This study comparatively analyzes PM2.5 mass concentration and surface meteorological conditions between an urban site (Nanjiao Station) and a suburban site (Shangdianzi Station) during an aerosol pollution episode in Beijing from January 21 to 24,2022.The causes of this episode were investigated using vertical extinction coefficients,radiosonde meteorological data,and backward trajectories.Results show that the average PM2.5 mass concentration at the urban station during the pollution period was 118.5 μg·m-3,with significantly higher concentration levels and longer duration than that at the suburban station.Aerosol transport was observed above the urban station,with high aerosol extinction coefficient areas subsiding toward the surface,resulting in increased ground-level aerosol concentrations.The pollution episode began under southerly winds,transporting aerosol pollutants from southern Beijing toward Nanjiao Station.The pollution was exacerbated by a combination of meteorological conditions including decreased near-surface wind speed,increased relative humidity,and the formation and downward movement of temperature inversion layers.During the pollution episode,wind speeds at the urban station were notably lower than those at the suburban station,resulting in poorer dispersion conditions.Under relatively stable emission sources,variations in meteorological conditions during the pollution period served as good indicators of pollution.

Key words: Aerosol extinction coefficient, Radiosonde meteorological elements, Backward trajectory, Temperature inversion

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